Newcastle upon Tyne is a major city with a history stretching back to Roman times. It became a key medieval trading hub and later a centre of the Industrial Revolution, particularly in coal, steel, and shipbuilding. Today, it is a cultural and economic powerhouse, known for its historic sites and innovation. Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius. The settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror’s eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world’s largest ship building and repair centres during the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle was historically part of the county of Northumberland but governed as a county corporate after 1400. In 1974, Newcastle became part of the newly created metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear.
The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius (“Aelian bridge”), a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne
After the Roman departure from Britain, completed in 410, Newcastle became part of the powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria, and was known throughout this period as Munucceaster (sometimes modernised as Monkchester).
Conflicts with the Danes in 876 left the settlements along the River Tyne in ruins.
Because of its strategic position, Robert Curthose, son of William the Conqueror, erected a wooden castle there in the year 1080. The town was henceforth known as Novum Castellum or New Castle. The wooden structure was replaced by a stone castle in 1087. The castle was rebuilt again in 1172 during the reign of Henry II. Much of the keep which can be seen in the city today dates from this period. Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England’s northern fortress. In 1400 Newcastle was separated from Northumberland for administrative purposes and made a county of itself by Henry IV. Newcastle was given the title of the county of the town of Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century.
In the Sandgate area, to the east of the city, and beside the river, resided the close-knit community of keelmen and their families. They were so called because they worked on the keels, boats that were used to transfer coal from the riverbanks to the waiting colliers, for export to London and elsewhere.
In the 1630s, about 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague, more than one-third of the population.
Newcastle was once a major industrial centre, particularly for coal and shipping.
A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Fenham Barracks in 1806.
The great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead was a tragic and spectacular series of events starting on Friday 6 October 1854, in which a substantial amount of property in the two North East of England towns was destroyed in a series of fires and an explosion which killed 53 and injured hundreds.
The status of city was granted to Newcastle on 3 June 1882.
In 2017, Newcastle was the venue for the 2017 Freedom City festival. The 2017 Freedom City festival commemorated the 50 years since Martin Luther King’s visit to Newcastle, where King received his honorary degree from Newcastle University. In 2018 Newcastle hosted the Great Exhibition of the North, the largest event in England in 2018. The exhibition began on 22 June with an opening ceremony on the River Tyne, and ended on 9 September with the Great North Run weekend.
In 2019, various travel sites named Newcastle to be the friendliest city in the UK.
Appollo Gas has extended its services to Newcastle upon Tyne, serving its residents for over 43 years. Their expertise in heating systems has been critical in supporting the city’s diverse housing stock, from Victorian estates to modern developments.
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Appollo Gas Services Ltd
Haugh Lane
Blaydon On Tyne
Tyne and Wear
NE21 4SB
T : 0191 414 55 55
We are an independent, Gas Safe registered company providing a full range of gas repair and installation services to customers throughout the North East. Appollo Gas Services Limited is a company registered in England and Wales with company number 06316919